HD video is getting closer and closer to us. In the field of video conferencing, manufacturers are also focusing on the concept of "HD". So what is HD video conferencing? Presumably, for some newcomers, it may be quite vague. Below we have the concept of high-definition video, the standard of high-definition video conferencing, the difference between high-definition video conferencing and high-definition television, the technical requirements of high-definition video conferencing, and the advantages of high-definition video conferencing. Details of the aspects:
First, what is high definition videoEveryone is familiar with standard definition (SD) analog TV. This is the TV we know and have been using for decades. The NTSC format (for North America and other regions) has a horizontal resolution of 525 lines and 30 frames per second. The PAL system (for the rest of the world) is 625 lines, 24 frames per second. The odd lines of the still picture are scanned first, and then the even lines of the same picture information are scanned. In this way, the two images will be displayed on the display at the same time, also known as 50/60 fields per second. This odd/even scan mode is called interlaced scanning and was developed to save transmission bandwidth (data rate capacity for a particular network connection). This resolution, called 480i, provides a picture of 240 lines of different information. The broadband requirement for home standard definition is 45-90 Mbit/s.
For small video displays (less than 27 inches), SDTV looks quite clear and smooth. However, if the screen is more than 27 inches, the image quality of the 480i format will drop significantly. You may also see jagged lines, blurred outlines, fading, visual noise, and intermittent motion.
The progressive scan mode, as an alternative to interlaced scanning, improves picture quality on large screens. Progressive scanning combines 480 lines of image information into one frame and automatically corrects the picture quality. Progressive scanning reduces the jagged image on the large screen and makes the picture motion smoother. This resolution of SDTV is called 480p.
True HD video displays image resolutions of 1080i or 720p, while other resolutions are not true high definition. The HD format provides more image information than any SD format. If you convert the screen resolution to pixels, you can clearly see that the HD format can provide at least 4 times more image information than the 480i format.
To visually understand the difference, imagine the TV screen as a computer monitor. Imagine how it would be to stretch a 640 X 240 (equivalent to 480i) low-resolution digital image onto a 42-inch screen. The image will be distorted because there is not enough image information in the low resolution image to provide the high quality view. The higher pixel count of the high-resolution format improves picture quality and makes the picture on the large screen clearer and smoother. In video conferencing, this technology can improve the overall visual experience and eliminate meeting fatigue. The color is also more vivid and true, and the movement is clear and smooth.
Second, the standard of high-definition video conferencingPrior to the generation of HD encoding/decoding techniques, video conferencing data was encoded based on the Common Interchange Format (CIF). The International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standards Department (ITU-T) has developed video standards called H.261 and H.263. The H.261 standard only defines the QCIF and CIF formats. The quarter CIF (QCIF) format is only used for conferences with the lowest data rate (64 kbit/s and lower) and is currently rarely used. Since H.263
Since the release of the standard, more formats using the "full resolution" (defined as 16CIF) (4CIF and 16CIF) have been adopted. Due to the limitations of computing and bandwidth when using such standards, the common resolution for full-motion video conferencing is still CIF to 4CIF.
ITU-T recently adopted a new standard for video compression that reduces the size of the entire video file so that files can be transmitted more economically over smaller network connections (lower data rates/broadband). ITU-T now recommends high-definition video conferencing using the H.264 video standard, which provides high-quality images with relatively low data rates. Today, H.264 has become a mandatory standard for HD-DVD (HD DVD) as well as broadcast, cable, video conferencing and consumer electronics.
H.264 technology is ideal for video conferencing. Although it requires higher processing performance than the previous H.26x algorithm, most video conferencing systems produced since 2004 include H.264. It provides high-quality video transmission and low-latency codec, making the video stream smoother and more natural. In fact, H.264 is twice as efficient as H.263, and the video quality is doubled at a particular line rate. In addition, some enhanced H.264 technologies include an interactive video error concealment algorithm that automatically adjusts video processing to ensure easy operation even when the network is overburdened, unstable, or has a high error rate. And provide a higher quality visual enjoyment.
The H.264 coding standard provides greater flexibility and provides a common platform for interoperability for different developers. The H.263 standard supports many different versions, while the H.264 standard contains only a few compression techniques. In this way, the integration of different video conferencing devices of multiple manufacturers can be more easily realized without significantly reducing the video quality.
Third, the difference between high-definition video conferencing and HDTVHDTV is a one-way broadcast, one-way transmission (playback) video of the TV network. High-definition video conferencing is a two-way, interactive process that transmits audio and video data in real-time, two-way over the network. In order to implement high-definition video conferencing technology, all terminals in the conference must support HD.
HDTV broadcasts can maintain a fixed signal quality, and the quality of video conferencing can be reduced due to the large amount of data transmitted over the network. The encoding/decoding process and the time it takes to transfer large amounts of data information over the network can cause delays in the processing. Excessive delays increase the chance of voice overlap and may cause video and audio to be out of sync. Long-term delays can be clearly manifested by audio effects, and poor quality sound effects can seriously affect the overall quality of the entire video conferencing experience.
High-definition video conferencing requires that all terminals be HD-compatible, so that all participants in the video conferencing can enjoy HD video. All terminals must support high-definition data compression. In addition, network broadband is an indispensable factor for high-quality video conferencing. High-definition interactive video conferencing requires a minimum data transfer rate of 1 Mbit/s. For best results, it is recommended to achieve a data transfer rate of 2 Mbit/s or more, to increase the bandwidth for optimal audio and additional content sharing devices such as PC input, DVD or high resolution text camera. Network QoS is also a must, which guarantees a stable effect during video conferencing.
In order to obtain high-resolution images, you need to configure the 16:9 standard to support true HD (minimum 720p) cameras. The camera and video conferencing terminal equipment are preferably from the same manufacturer. This ensures that the camera and terminal functions are optimized for the best end-to-end HD video conferencing experience.
HD video displays (LCD, plasma or projector) must support a horizontal resolution of at least 720p. In addition, the display should be equipped with an interface that supports the best high-definition signals, such as the DVI-I digital interface or the component input interface YPrPb. DVI cables over 5 meters may cause picture quality degradation or unpredictable video display errors. Buying high-quality HD displays and end devices can avoid such problems.
The appropriate display is chosen and needs to match the size of the room and the average distance of the participants from the screen. In large conference rooms, participants are 3 to 5 meters from the screen, in which case it is recommended to purchase a display that is at least 50 inches.
In high-resolution multipoint video conferencing, at least two groups of participants want to participate in a conference from different locations (terminals), in which case a high-definition MCU is required to bridge all calls. Of course, the MCU must support true HD (at least 720p) and maintain 30 frames per second, so that multi-point video calls can achieve point-to-point calls. We recommend purchasing MCUs and video conferencing endpoints from the same manufacturer to ensure optimal end-to-end performance. Finally, the MCU must be a standardized (H.264) product in order to achieve interoperability and scalability to meet as many multipoint calls as possible.
Five, the advantages of high-definition video conferencingHD video conferencing technology has many benefits. First, clear picture quality, synchronized sound, and minimal latency help attendees stay focused and deliver an efficient, high-quality video conferencing experience. For example, displaying an image in a 16:9 aspect ratio makes the display angle wider, allowing more participants to appear in the picture, ensuring that they are fully engaged in the upcoming meeting.
Secondly, high-resolution content (such as design drawings, flowcharts, maps, or photos) can be displayed in high definition, which can bring great benefits to knowledge workers who rely on visual communication. For example, high-definition video conferencing can help doctors in different locations to conduct face-to-face communication, analyze X-ray films, MRI MRI images, ultrasound results, or ECG ECG results to make a diagnosis based on a large number of details. Display and read PowerPoint slides, Flash presentations, software introductions and other training content on the screen to avoid visual fatigue, increase productivity, deepen your impressions and make your work fun. Clear images combined with smooth movements also make it easier for hearing-impaired participants to distinguish sign language.
In short, high-definition technology improves the quality of calls and broadens the information extension that can be exchanged through video conferencing, providing a valuable communication tool for business, distance education, telemedicine, community, government and various charities.
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