1 Introduction In today's increasingly fierce competition in various media, media communication is increasingly pursuing value maximization, and audiences are increasingly picky about media communication. And the broadcast media with the characteristics of fast, timely and authoritative information dissemination is facing the challenge of fast and comprehensive content dissemination of new media such as mobile phones and networks. In response to the challenges of emerging media to traditional media, giving full play to the advantages of broadcast sound transmission and meeting the needs of audiences for information importance, content novelty, and rapid dissemination, various national and regional broadcast collaboration networks have emerged in recent years. . Radio stations across the country have conducted in-depth exchanges and cooperation in industrial management, program promotion, and technology development through national and regional broadcast cooperation networks, and their effects have become more and more obvious, such as the Yangtze River Delta Regional Broadcasting Network in the Yangtze River Delta region. A series of major themes and major events have played a very good role in publicity. How to make use of the new technology to make the broadcast cooperative network work better, make the program transmission more convenient and faster, the program sound quality is more beautiful, and the program content management is more scientific and reliable has become an urgent problem to be solved.
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2 Traditional broadcast collaboration implementation methods and shortcomings
(1) Traditional broadcast collaboration implementation
The broadcast collaboration network is a new thing. However, the work of broadcasting and collaboration has already existed. Originally, we used to call it the program communication work. This work is the main way to guarantee the source of information on radio stations and is an important part of broadcasting publicity. In the past, the mountain road was far away. It is laborious to send news fees. Wait until the news media get the manuscript. Many news has become a yellow flower yesterday. An important characteristic of the news that seriously affects timeliness. Now communication technology is developed. It is very convenient to communicate with each other. The communication between the communication station, the reporter station and the radio station is also easier. The correspondent or reporter will not need to mail the report to the field. It can be sent directly to the editorial department by fax or email. Involving the content of the audio report, the reporters of each reporter station or Tongliantai will broadcast the sound signal directly to the radio editorial department or the live broadcast room via the telephone line. At present, this method is still widely used in broadcasting publicity. Has a certain representativeness.
(2) Deficiencies in traditional broadcasting collaboration
The text message is transmitted by e-mail or fax, and the method of transmitting sound by telephone is more advanced than the original letter exchange method. The efficiency has also improved a lot, but there are still many problems.
In terms of audio signal transmission. One is to transmit sound with an analog phone, and the audio quality is relatively poor. Due to the bandwidth limitation of the telephone line transmission. The quality of the sound transmitted in analog mode can meet the requirements of medium wave broadcast, and it is slightly inferior to broadcast on FM radio. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the audience's requirements for radio station program content and program sound quality are also higher and higher, and the program is transmitted by traditional telephone simulation. Its sound quality can no longer meet the needs of the audience. Second, the program transmission process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the work efficiency is very low. For example, if the telephone transmits an audio program, the receiving end and the transmitting end need to be online at the same time, and the operation must be confirmed by multiple times to complete the operation. The general process is that the editor first communicates with the reporter or correspondent. Tell the length of the content. Then record, if several clients need to send in a short time, the same operation needs to be repeated multiple times. Work is cumbersome and error-prone. In addition, since only a single signal can be received at the same time, other senders can only wait for no time. Very low efficiency. I met an extraordinary period. Such as natural disasters and emergencies. It is easy to influence the timely distribution of press releases.
For the news text. Receive the manuscript through the traditional telephone fax mode. One is a waste of money. A thousand-word fax draft may end up using only a few dozen words. The paper and ink waste required for faxing or printing is very serious. Second, it is easy to make mistakes and there are hidden dangers. Because the manuscript has to be edited, edited, etc. before the broadcast. The fax draft or the copy has been altered many times, and the content after finalization is less readable. The announcer is extremely easy to miss or mishear.
3 Broadcast collaboration based on digital network technology
In summary, the traditional broadcast collaboration implementation has become a bottleneck in the development of broadcast digitalization. In order to comply with the requirements of the development of digital broadcasting, it is necessary to build a new broadcast collaboration platform. From the analysis of requirements, the broadcast collaboration platform should be able to simultaneously meet the transmission of text manuscripts and audio manuscripts. The operation should be simple and convenient, the sound quality of the programs should be good, and the transmission of programs should be safe and efficient. Through research, the author believes that the application of the relatively mature digital network technology can meet the construction requirements. From the technical implementation point of view, the real-time transmission of point-to-point of a single text and audio manuscript is easier. Peer-to-peer communication software, such as QQ, MSN, etc. can be completed. Because real-time software needs to wait online, and multi-point transmission content is difficult to manage and cannot be counted. It does not meet the needs of business development. Based on the application platform of a third-party company, its system stability and function expansion are also difficult to guarantee. For broadcasters, it is necessary to build an efficient and secure broadcast cooperative sharing platform by using existing digital network technologies. The following is a brief introduction of how to build this platform using digital network technology.
In general, digital network technology is a new application technology that combines digital technology and network technology. For the actual broadcast service, we first digitize the analog program signal, that is, after acquisition, encoding, compression and conversion into binary files. Then, the network transmission is performed through a dedicated network or an internetwork, and finally the received digital program file is restored to an analog program at the receiving end, and is used for program broadcast after being edited and reviewed. The whole process requires several links such as analog-to-digital conversion, network digital transmission, and digital-to-analog conversion. That is, several steps of collecting, encoding, compressing, transmitting, and restoring. The acquisition, encoding and compression of the analog signal are generally completed at the transmitting end. The reporter first collects and edits the recorded report through the computer, and then saves the program content as an audio file in MP2, MP3, RM, WMV format that meets the network transmission requirements. And then transmit in data format over the network. There are generally two ways to transmit network: one is to use private network transmission. It is characterized by stable line, high speed and good reliability, but it needs to be rented or specially laid fiber. Higher cost: the other is transmitted over the Internet, which is characterized by a low barrier to entry. Openness and compatibility are good, cost-effective, although the transmission speed is slower than the private network, it can still fully meet the transmission requirements of audio files. The broadcaster's program personnel have become accustomed to finding the required program information through the Internet. Many stations have established internal office networks, and many stations have launched online broadcasting services or other network value-added services. This solution uses the Internet to transmit data, and only needs to use the existing network to complete the data transmission. At the receiving end, the data transfer and sharing can be realized through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server. The restoration work needs to be completed at the receiving end, and the editor downloads the audio file uploaded to the FTP server to the communication terminal computer. It can then be broadcast to the audio workstation. The content of the manuscript written by the reporter or correspondent can be directly entered into the news editing system through the document communication platform. After being edited by the responsible editor and editorial review, it can be printed directly or directly broadcast by the broadcaster through the live room computer.
From the implementation process, the whole process can be broken down into the following steps: First, the user enters the press release into the Internet computer. The content of the interview is imported into the computer by analog-to-digital conversion or file. For the analog interview machine, the line output can be connected to the computer sound card, and the signal acquisition function can be completed by the recording function of the audio editing software. Commonly used audio editing software is goldwave, cooledit pro, samptitude. These softwares are powerful. Can fully meet the general production requirements. For the digital interview machine, it is more convenient to directly import the interview content into the computer through the universal serial bus (USB) port built into the interview machine. During the production process. The reporter can insert his own voice at any time as needed, and the operation is very convenient. After the production is completed, the program content is guided into an audio file that meets the broadcast standard. Then, the user logs in to the communication system, and the created audio file and the written text are uploaded to the communication server through the network. Finally, the receiver downloads the uploaded audio program for editing. The console is output to the audio production network for broadcast. The process of the entire process is shown in Figure 1.
The overall implementation block diagram of the broadcast collaboration system is shown in Figure 2.
4 Construction and application of Ningbo broadcasting cooperation platform
At present, the various channels of Ningbo Radio widely use the program information and news information provided by the county, city and district reporter stations, which enrich the source of broadcast information. Enhanced program audibility is a powerful complement to the daily routines of the radio. The press releases of the original reporter station or correspondent were mostly provided by fax, and a small amount was provided by E-mail. The audio manuscript was mainly received through the telephone line. The sound quality was poor and the operation was cumbersome, which seriously affected the broadcast quality of the program. At the beginning of 2005, in order to solve the problems of low efficiency, poor sound quality and error-prone in the process of information reception, transmission and restoration in the program communication, Ningbo Radio began to build a broadcasting cooperation platform. Network technicians conducted extensive and in-depth demand research in the early stage, and fully borrowed the successful experience of Brother Radio. After the joint efforts of all technical personnel, the broadcasting collaboration platform was established in early 2006.
The platform integrates text information and audio information exchange and sharing. The document communication platform uses the Java Server Page (JSP) language and the browser/server (B/S) architecture. It is closely integrated with the in-house news document editing system and shares the same database to realize information sharing. The program communication exchange platform is integrated with the manuscript platform. Users can complete the delivery of audio and texts with a single sign-on. The reporter can stand on any Internet computer to realize program exchange and online posting function. Enter the server's IP address to display the login interface as shown in Figure 3.
The user selects the appropriate category and enters a username and password. After successful login. The file uploading and downloading functions can be realized, and the operation interface is as shown in FIG. 4.
After the platform was built, it solved the problems in the original program communication work. Compared with traditional broadcast collaboration methods, it has the following characteristics:
(1) The operation is more convenient and the error rate is lower. Receive texts compared to fax or email. Published by the broadcast collaboration platform. Journalists can write and publish manuscripts anytime, anywhere. There is no need to wait for the recording of the interview. Simply upload to the server via the network. Not limited by space and time. Work more efficiently. Since the manuscript is finally output as a computer manuscript, the content of the manuscript is clear at a glance, and the readability is good, which greatly reduces the broadcast error rate caused by humans.
(2) Information reception is faster and news is more timely. As long as the network speed is stable, press releases and audio drafts sent via the broadcast collaboration platform can be uploaded to the server in a short time. After the text is edited and uploaded, it will enter the radio news editing system immediately, and the responsible editor can edit it immediately and use it for broadcast. A 10-minute long recording was synthesized in a broadcast-quality standard MPEG format. That is, the sampling rate is 48k. 16bit encoding. 256kb/s transmission stream. The sound file size is about 16MB. If synthesized below this standard. The file size will be smaller. Generally, files in MP3 format are only about 4M in length of 5 minutes. Currently. The unit work computer is connected to the Internet through a dedicated line, and the network speed is very fast. For example, it takes only a few minutes to complete the Internet at 256kb/s. The transmission of sound files over the network is more effective in reporting to different places, and it has been returned by telephone. Time-consuming. It takes only a few minutes to complete the entire process, making the content of the show more timely.
(3) The program sounds better and the audibility is stronger. The quality of digital audio files is related to the standard used to synthesize files, and the sound quality is not affected during network transmission. The receiving end enters the audio production network through the computer through the mixing console, so that the sound effect is basically without distortion. The sound is clearer, the sound quality is better, and the audibility is stronger than the noise reported by the traditional telephone mode.
(4) Manuscript management is easier. Since the press release directly enters the news editing system after being sent, the editor edits and advertises the manuscript through the broadcast collaboration platform. The presence or absence of the manuscript is clear at a glance, even if the historical manuscript is not omitted. In addition, after the press release is put into storage, as the number of manuscripts increases, the system will automatically archive and generate indexes according to requirements. Convenient for future query and retrieval.
(5) In line with the direction of broadcasting development. At present, broadcasting technology is undergoing comprehensive digital development, and broadcasting digitalization, networking, and intelligence have become a development trend. As we all know, the audio production network is an indispensable platform to support the normal broadcasting business, and its status and role are very important. However, due to the factors of broadcast security and information security, the audio production network is strictly isolated from the office network and the Internet. This brings a lot of inconvenience to the exchange and sharing of broadcast programs. The broadcast collaboration platform uses the relatively mature digital network technology to realize the collection, production digitization and transmission network of the broadcast program in the open network environment, which makes up for the defects that the audio production network can only work in a closed environment, and better balances the efficiency. And safe. It is in line with the development direction of broadcasting digitalization and networking, and has also made useful attempts and preparations for promoting the data sharing and exchange of radio broadcasting network, office network and Internet.
5 Summary and outlook
The Ningbo Broadcasting Collaboration Platform has realized program exchange and sharing through the Internet. The system is stable and reliable after being put into operation, and the effect is obvious. Because the platform is integrated with the website system, the network is open and compatible, and the user's remote writing and manuscript requirements are met. The reporter is no longer limited by space and time, and can be published anytime and anywhere, greatly improving the work. effectiveness.
The audio program of the broadcast collaboration platform and the audio production network are exchanged through the mixer. It not only meets the security requirements of physical isolation of the network, but also satisfies the need of audio data exchange. It is a practical and reliable way when there is no reliable means to realize the networking of the broadcast network with the Internet and the office network. But from the perspective of the development of broadcasting digitalization and networking. It is a general trend for the broadcasting service to realize the seamless exchange and sharing of data between the Internet, the office network and the audio production network. In order to realize the seamless exchange and sharing of program resources, the broadcast collaboration platform needs to be improved in the aspects of network interconnection, network security, data management, etc., to reduce the intermediate conversion process, and efficiently integrate data collection, exchange, transmission and restoration to make data Sharing implements interaction. Realize the digitalization and networking of the broadcast collaboration process.
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