The elimination of electrical equipment faults is an important task for maintenance personnel. To completely eliminate faults, it is necessary to understand the causes of faults. More importantly, it can theoretically analyze and solve faults. It must have certain theoretical knowledge and be mastered. The method of troubleshooting.
(1) Resistance Test Method The resistance test method is a commonly used measurement method. Usually refers to the use of a multimeter's resistance file to measure whether the motor, circuit, contacts, etc. meet the nominal value and whether it is on or off, or use a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance between phase and phase, phase and ground. Wait. When measuring, pay attention to the accuracy of the range and proofreading table used. Generally, when using the resistance method, the common method is to select the low gear first. At the same time, pay attention to whether the circuit under test has a loop, and it is strictly forbidden to measure with electricity.
(2) Voltage test method The voltage test method refers to a method of measuring the voltage value in a circuit by using a corresponding voltage file of a multimeter. Usually, when measuring, sometimes the voltage of the power supply and load is measured, and sometimes the open circuit voltage is measured to judge whether the line is normal. When measuring, pay attention to the gear position of the watch and select the appropriate range. Generally, the highest voltage of the voltage is usually selected when measuring the unknown AC or open circuit voltage, so as to ensure that the operation is not performed under high voltage and low range to avoid damage to the watch; Attention should be paid to positive and negative polarity.
(III) Current Test Method The current test method is a method for measuring whether the current in the line meets the normal value to determine the cause of the fault. For weak current circuits, it is often used to connect an ammeter or a multimeter current file in a circuit for measurement; for a strong electric circuit, a clamp-type ammeter is often used for detection.
(4) Instrument test method Various parameters are measured by various instruments, such as observing waveforms and parameter changes with an oscilloscope, in order to analyze the cause of the fault, and are mostly used in weak current lines.
(5) The routine inspection method relies on the human sensory organs (such as: some electrical equipment has a burnt smell in use, sparking, discharging, etc.) and with the help of ~ simple instruments (such as: multimeter) Look for the cause of the failure. This method is the most commonly used in maintenance and is the first to be used.
(6) The replacement of the original accessory method means that a device or circuit board is suspected to be faulty, but it cannot be determined, and when there is a substitute component, the test can be replaced to see if the fault disappears and returns to normal.
(7) The direct inspection method can directly check the suspected fault point by knowing the cause of the fault or judging the fault location based on experience.
(8) Step-by-step exclusion method If a short-circuit fault occurs, part of the line can be gradually removed to determine the fault range and fault point.
(9) Adjusting the parameter method In some cases, when a fault occurs, the components in the line are not necessarily bad, and the line contact is also good. However, due to the improper adjustment of some physical quantities or the long running time, it may cause system parameters to occur due to external factors. Changing or not automatically correcting the system value, resulting in the system not working properly, then should be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the device.
(10) Principle analysis method According to the composition principle diagram of the control system, by tracking the signal associated with the fault, it analyzes and judges, finds the fault point, and finds the cause of the fault. The use of this method requires maintenance personnel to have a clear understanding of how the entire system and unit circuits work.
(11) Comparison, analysis and judgment method It is based on the working principle of the system, the action procedures of the control links and the logical relationship between them, combined with the fault phenomenon, to compare, analyze and judge, reduce the measurement and inspection links, and quickly Determine the scope of the fault.
The above several commonly used methods can be used alone or in combination, and the actual electrical equipment failure should be applied flexibly according to the specific situation.
Electrical equipment failure phenomena are various. The same type of faults may have different fault phenomena. Different types of faults may be the sameity and diversity of the same fault phenomenon, which will bring complexity to the fault finding. However, the fault phenomenon is the basic basis for finding electrical faults, and is the starting point for finding electrical faults. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully observe and analyze the fault phenomena, find out the most important and typical aspects of the fault phenomena, and find out the time and place of the faults. , environment, etc. The elimination of many electrical faults must rely on professional theoretical knowledge to truly understand. Compared with other types of maintenance personnel, electrician maintenance personnel are more theoretical. Sometimes, without theoretical guidance, many jobs cannot be carried out at all, so they must have certain professional theoretical knowledge. In order to better improve their ability and maintenance level to effectively solve practical problems in actual work, maintenance personnel should continuously strengthen their professional theoretical knowledge and improve their operational skills. When electrical faults occur, they can accurately find their faults. Therefore, troubleshooting causes the electrical equipment to operate normally and stably.
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