The mainstream of the progressive route has been widely recognized for its intelligent driving battlefield. In today's queue, including the century-old automakers such as Ford and GM, there are also emerging automakers such as Tesla, Weilai and Xiaopeng. Even Internet giants like BAT have come together. . Under the continuous promotion of these players, coupled with the large-scale landing of semi-automatic driving production vehicles from the end of 2017 to the Spring Festival, it is expected to become the first year of commercialization of semi-automatic driving technology in 2018, leading the global automotive industry to L4-L5 automatic driving. The stage accelerates the advance.
In the semi-automatic driving system that is now commercially available, Tesla Autopilot is now widely known (so I will not repeat it in this article), and it takes up the majority of market share with the first-mover advantage, becoming the first secret to open the door of “auto-drivingâ€. key. However, with the giants such as GM, Baidu, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Volvo and Nissan coming in, more and more production cars will be equipped with the L2-class SelfDriving system in 2018, and the semi-automatic driving track will become more and more. Crowded.
When it comes to semi-automatic driving, the GM SuperCruise is the first to bear the brunt. As the semi-automatic driving system with the most "face" in the past year, SuperCruise is currently mainly used on GM's Cadillac CT6 model, and plays a pivotal role in GM's "automatic driving strategy". In all semi-automatic driving systems, SuperCruise is a relatively safe and sensible category, because GM's positioning is "highway autopilot system" (out of the highway system does not work), as the speed range, about at the speed More than 80 kilometers can be activated, and the speed range that can be used after the system is started is 0-120km/h.
However, the system will only activate if the adaptive cruise is on, the pre-crash system is set to warn and brake, the high speed is on the vehicle, the camera or radar is unobstructed, obstructed or damaged. And before activation, the system also needs to confirm whether the driver's attention is concentrated and whether the road marking is clear. If the camera inside the car detects that the driver's line of sight drifts away from the dashboard or it is difficult to detect a clear road marking, Super Cruise will automatically disconnect. In general, in the semi-automatic driving queue, SuperCruise is a system with high reliability and safety, and it is designed to avoid most of the defects of the previous Tesla Autopilot. At present, the CT6 model of the system has been officially sold in the European and American markets, and will soon be officially launched in the Chinese market.
Baidu ApolloPilotOn this crazy track, the Apollo platform is the loudest shot of the Chinese Internet giant in the car battlefield, making Baidu, which has been quiet for a long time, start to receive attention in the global auto market. As the first self-driving system based on the Baidu Apollo platform for mass production in China, ApolloPilot leverages the vast amount of domestic real road driving behavior data collected by Baidu and the road data provided by CIDAS and other Apollo eco partners. It is transformed into a macroscopic and microscopic scene, which can realize the deep learning self-training of the system, the automatic upgrade using OTA technology, the system self-optimization, etc., and cover the autonomous cruise, lane keeping, and autonomous lane change. And functions such as automatic human-machine interaction system HMI.
In terms of mass production schedule, Baidu plans to jointly launch a production car with the ApolloPilot system in conjunction with a number of shared car operators, passenger and commercial vehicle manufacturers in 2018. For example, Chery recently released the production car Ariel 5. The Apollo bus that Jinlong Bus and Baidu cooperated with are also commercially available. Therefore, in 2018, we will be able to see more mass production vehicles with ApolloPilot's powerful automatic emergency braking system, 360-degree blind zone detection and intelligent automatic lane change to achieve high-quality driving experience and service. Applications such as “multi-lane automatic avoidance of congestionâ€, “automobile energy savingâ€, “autonomous parking†and “comfort mode†have also become the first commercialization scenarios of Baidu ApolloPilot.
Mercedes-Benz Drive PilotCompared to semi-automatic driving systems from other manufacturers, the automation capabilities of the Mercedes-Benz DrivePilot are actually not outstanding. In a sense, the system is equivalent to the existence of a “big hodgepodge†of various driving assistance functions of Mercedes-Benz, similar to the lite version of Tesla Autopilot, which implements functions such as lane keeping, adaptive cruising, and emergency braking. , automatic steering and automatic lane change.
With the Mercedes-Benz DrivePilot system, you can play the 15-second "big sprinkle", but then the vehicle will remind you to hold the steering wheel quickly. If the user just touches the steering wheel, the Drive Pilot will perform most of the driving tasks, but the strength of the steering wheel will increase and the system will seamlessly “hand over†the car. Moreover, depending on the current road conditions, it will require the driver to respond every 10 seconds or so, and a pair of capacitive touch buttons on the steering wheel can be used to respond to the above requirements. Initially, the system will display a notification. If the user ignores it, the system will continue to beep. In the case of a sudden emergency, the car will turn on the danger warning light to remind other drivers to pay attention to safety. Overall, the semi-automatic capability of the Drive Pilot is not very powerful, but the system is now commercially available on the 2017 Mercedes-Benz E-Class, and the Mercedes-Benz in the 2018 S-Class also claims to upgrade the system. Achieve a higher degree of semi-automation.
Audi A8 TrafficJamPilotUnlike Level 2 autopilots, which are promoted by Nissan and Tesla, Audi's system allows the driver to remove the hands and feet from the steering wheel and the accelerator pedal for a long time, in a sense close to the L3 level. In the actual scenario, when the driver activates the Audi AI button located on the center console, the congestion assist system will be turned on at the appropriate time. When the speed is not higher than 60km and the vehicle is on the highway or multi-lane urban expressway, the system will completely take over the driving functions including starting, stopping, steering and braking of the vehicle, even if the front side is stuck or emergency. When you are on the line, you can still cope with it. The control signals required for the congestion assistance system are captured and calculated by the radar control module and central processing unit (zFAS) throughout the body.
When the TrafficJamPilot is activated, the driver can completely remove the hands and feet from the steering wheel and the accelerator pedal, eliminating the need to pay attention to the vehicle's driving conditions, and can allocate time to infotainment systems or other in-vehicle devices. The virtual cockpit in front of the driver can display the real-time data acquired by the radar and the camera, and the stereoscopic image reflects the objective road conditions of the vehicle. At the same time, the camera facing the driver at the rearview mirror will capture the driver's facial expression in real time, thus ensuring that the driver is in a state where he can take over the vehicle at any time. When the road congestion is relieved or the speed exceeds 60km, the system The driver's initiative is returned to the driver. If there is no clear feedback from the driver, the vehicle will automatically stop when it is safe.
In the process of automatic driving, the vehicle collects sensor data through a central driver assistance controller (zFAS) to calculate an image of the surrounding environment. In addition to radar sensors, front-facing cameras and ultrasonic sensors, the Audi A8 is the first production model to use laser radar to obtain environmental data. It is the best among the current semi-automatic driving system in terms of configuration.
Nissan ProPilot AssistAt the end of 2017, ProPilot Assist, a semi-automatic driving system developed by Nissan, officially landed in the US market. The first model to be equipped with this system is the second-generation Nissan Leaf Electric Vehicle. Nissan has assigned the system to Level 2 (SAE) for automatic driving because of its ability to adjust longitudinally and laterally, which means it can successfully complete tasks such as acceleration, braking and steering.
The foundation of ProPilot Assist is the existing Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), which features lane keeping, adaptive cruise and enhanced software capabilities. The whole system uses front camera, front millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar and electronic control module. This system is designed to reduce driver stress and improve safety. It is not intended to replace the driver. Unlike Cadillac's SuperCruise or Audi's Traffic Jam Pilot, ProPilot Assist does not allow the driver's hands to get out of the steering wheel, and the driver must put at least one hand on the steering wheel.
If the system determines that the driver does not grip the steering wheel as required, the system will play a voice warning after 5 to 10 seconds, and will also flash the light on the dashboard to remind the driver. After 5 seconds, the driver still does not respond, and the warning will sound. Changed very quickly. If the driver is still indifferent after 10 seconds, the system will automatically brake to attract your attention. After 25-30 seconds, the driver still has no signs of reaction, ProPilot will actively reduce the speed to 40 mph (about 64 Below the kilometer/hour), the vehicle's double flash will also turn on automatically. If the driver still does not intervene, the vehicle will eventually stop completely. As a result, ProPilotAssist is generally at the upper-middle level in terms of adaptability and automation, and according to Michael Bunce, vice president of product planning for Nissan North America, the system will soon be commercially available on several Nissan models, expected by 2020. The Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance with ProPilot Assist will reach more than 10 models.
Volvo XC60 PilotAssistAs a semi-automatic driving production car built by Volvo for 9 years, the new generation XC60 is equipped with a PilotAssist system that can realize the functions of intelligent avoidance and emergency avoidance assistance of vehicles. Strictly speaking, Volvo XC60 belongs to Level 2. Among them, the forward-looking camera and the 360-degree surround camera are mainly used to detect obstacles such as lanes, road edges and cars, pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles and large animals in front of the vehicle. Millimeter-wave radar provides extremely accurate distance and speed information. To help auto-driving car decision-making and control, to realize the intelligent avoidance function of the blind zone car, and the automatic parking function is realized by using ultrasonic radar.
It is worth noting that in the safety test of the 2018 European New Car Assessment Program (NCAP), the Volvo XC60 passed almost all tests. According to tests, the Volvo XC60, which is worth $50,000, is the safest car in the same price range. It can achieve automatic driving assistance at 0-130 km/h. It can travel smoothly along the clearly identifiable lane marking without following the preceding car. Steering, the entire system comes standard with the upgraded version of City Safety City Security System, and also added emergency avoidance assistance functions, intelligent avoidance of opposite vehicles, intelligent avoidance of blind zones, and the world's first intelligent security technology.
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