The State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television recently released the "Notice on Regulating and Promoting the Development of 4K Ultra HD TV", which provides policy guidance for regulating and promoting the healthy and orderly development of 4K Ultra HD TV. Sun Suchuan, deputy director of the Science and Technology Department of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, said in an interview with a reporter from the China Press, Publication, Radio and Television News that in China, with the increasing prosperity of the 4K UHD TV display terminal market and the development of high-quality program production and broadcasting technology 4K UHD TV has also entered a new round of development opportunities. The development of ultra-high-definition television involves many aspects, including technical standards, program production and broadcasting, program transmission, and terminal reception. It requires the protection and support of related technologies, programs, industries, and funds. It cannot be achieved overnight, and policy guidance and science must be strengthened. Formulate plans, improve technical standards, and make good application pilots.
4K ultra-high-definition television program production and broadcasting experiments have been carried out
Chang Jian, Director of the Technology and Standards Management Department of the Science and Technology Department of the General Administration of China, told reporters that in recent years, the international 4K UHD TV technology and industry chain are gradually maturing, and some TV operating agencies in developed countries have launched 4K UHD TV services. In 2014, South Korea first opened 4K UHD channels. Later, broadcasters and network operators such as Europe, North America, South Korea, and Japan broadcast more than 70 4K UHD channels successively based on cable, satellite, and IPTV platforms.
At present, the types of 4K UHD channels that have been launched mainly include sports, movies, TV series, news, arts, entertainment, and documentaries. Among them, sports programs account for the largest proportion, accounting for about 23% of the total; movies, arts, and documentary programs account for Secondly, they are between 16% and 19%; news programs account for the smallest proportion, only 1%.
Satellite transmission has many unique advantages such as large bandwidth, high speed, and wide coverage. Currently, operators in Europe, North America, Japan, and South Korea broadcasting 4K UHD channels tend to use satellite transmission. According to relevant statistics, satellite-based transmission The proportion of transmitted 4K UHD channels reached 49%; the proportion of 4K UHD channels based on cable, IPTV and OTT transmissions was 15%, 24% and 12% respectively; the terrestrial wireless method only stayed in the transmission test, which has not yet been Start broadcasting terrestrial wireless 4K UHD channels.
Despite the increasing number of 4K UHD channels being broadcast, it is limited by the source of 4K UHD program sources, and some 4K UHD channels that have been opened so far are still unable to support 24 hours a day without repeated broadcasts. For example, the Japanese SkyperfecTv4Kmovie channel is broadcast 3-4 times a day; the American FashionOne4K channel broadcasts a total of 12 programs every day, and each program is about 15 minutes long.
In China, CCTV and Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hunan and other TV stations have already launched 4K ultra-high-definition television program production and broadcasting trials. Beijing, Sichuan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Hunan, Chongqing and other cable TV networks have successively launched 4K experience zone services; China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom have successively released 4K ultra-high-definition on-demand and push services; Youku, LeTV, Xiaomi and other manufacturers have also launched 4K ultra-high-definition OTT receiving boxes. In terms of broadcast form and reception, 4K UHD services are mainly based on on-demand and push methods, and there is no full channel 4K UHD channel broadcast. Chang Jian said that due to lack of program sources, performance of receiving terminal decoder chips and display devices, the above-mentioned services have a “4K Ultra HD Program†frame rate of mostly 25P, and a color gamut range of mostly high-definition color gamut. HDR (High Dynamic Range) production is used, therefore, it does not meet the technical standards required for 4K UHD TVs.
Program format and related technical standards need to be improved
Sun Suchuan said that China is a big country of broadcasting and television. Considering the wide application of UHD video coding, high industrial value, and intellectual property issues, China has independently developed video coding technology in recent years for 4K UHD TV applications, and it has been promulgated in 2016. The "High-Efficiency Audio and Video Coding Part 1: Video" standard, referred to as AVS2.0, is the standard for 4K UHD TV video coding in China. In 2017, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television issued the "4K Ultra HD TV Program Production and Exchange Parameter Values" industry standard, which regulated the technical format of China's 4K UHD TV programs. In addition, China is led by CCTV, and joint research institutions are also working on the research and formulation of high dynamic range radio and television industry standards and 3D Audio radio and television industry standards.
Sun Suchuan said that compared with Japan, Europe and the United States, China's 4K ultra-high-definition television is still in its infancy, and the development environment, industry support conditions, program formats and related technical standards need to be further improved, and a complete end-to-end industry has not yet been formed Chain and ecological chain. She believes that there are five issues that need to be resolved urgently. One is the program problem. The production of 4K ultra-high-definition programs has a large investment and complicated system construction, and it is difficult to recover costs in the short term. Although some domestic TV stations and production agencies have produced some 4K ultra-high-definition programs, the overall production cycle is long, the number of programs is small, and the scale has not yet been formed. At this stage, it is impossible to support 4K channels to broadcast 24 hours without repeated content.
The second is transmission problems. The transmission data volume of 4K UHD TV is more than 10 times that of ordinary HD TV. Whether it is transmitted in wired, wireless or satellite, it is necessary to transform the existing transmission system and configure 4K receiving terminal, on the one hand, it is already very nervous The transmission bandwidth of radio and TV is a huge challenge, on the other hand, it will also increase the reception cost.
The third is industrial issues. According to the technology development plan, China's 4K ultra-high-definition video coding intends to adopt the AVS2.0 standard, but the domestic industry has not yet formed a large-scale mature commercial product series.
| Model | Nominal Voltage | Nominal Capacity | Nominal impedance | Dimension | Charge-discharge standard | Approx Weight | |||
| (V) | (mAh) | (mQ) | Diameter | Height | Charge | Discharge | ≈g | ||
| ICR10220 | 3.7 | 130 | <150 | 10 | 22 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 4.1 | |
| ICR10440 | 3.7 | 350 | <120 | 10 | 44 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 9 | |
| ICR14430 | 3.7 | 650 | <100 | 13.8 | 42.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 17 | |
| ICR14500 | 3.7 | 900 | <80 | 14 | 50 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 19.5 | |
| ICR17280 | 3.7 | 600 | <100 | 16.3 | 28 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 15 | |
| ICR17335 | 3.7 | 700 | <100 | 16.3 | 33.5 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 18 | |
| ICR18500 | 3.7 | 1400 | <70 | 18.1 | 50 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 33 | |
| ICR18650 | 3.7 | 2000 | <50 | 18.1 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 45 | |
| ICR18650P | 3.7 | 2000 | <40 | 18.1 | 65 | 0.5C-1C | 3C-5C | 45 | |
| ICR18650P | 3.7 | 2200 | <40 | 18.1 | 65 | 0.5C-1C | 3C-5C | 45 | |
| ICR18650 | 3.7 | 2600 | <70 | 18.1 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 45 | |
| ICR26650 | 3.7 | 3500 | <30 | 26 | 65.5 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 85 | |
| ICR26650P | 3.7 | 5000 | <30 | 26 | 65.5 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 85 | |
| ICR18650P | 3.7 | 1500 | <15 | 18.1 | 64.8 | 1C | 10C-15C | 47 | |
| ICR26650P | 3.7 | 2200 | <15 | 26 | 64.8 | 1C | 10C-15C | 64 | |
| IFR14430E | 3.2 | 400 | <115 | 13.8 | 43 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 15 | |
| IFR14500E | 3.2 | 400 | <95 | 13.8 | 50.2 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 15.5 | |
| IFR14500E | 3.2 | 650 | <80 | 13.8 | 50.2 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 17.8 | |
| IFR18500E | 3.2 | 600 | <80 | 18 | 50 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 19.5 | |
| IFR18500E | 3.2 | 1200 | <80 | 18 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 30.4 | |
| IFR18650E | 3.2 | 1500 | <65 | 18 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 40.5 | |
| IFR18650E | 3.2 | 1700 | <80 | 18 | 65.3 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 41.2 | |
| IFR26650E | 3.2 | 3400 | <20 | 26 | 65.3 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 87 | |
| IFR18650P | 3.2 | 1100 | <20 | 18 | 65.3 | 1-3C | 10-25C | 40 | |
| IFR26650P | 3.2 | 2400 | <20 | 26 | 65.3 | 1-3C | 10-25C | 82 | |
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