Great challenge. In the past decade, tens of billions of euros in the EU have quietly escaped the tax obligations. For example, one might remember that Google was recently thought to owe Ireland 13 billion euros due to the “excessive privilege†granted by the EU. When it was learned that Airbnb paid less than 93,000 euros in France in 2016 and its estimated profit reached 120 million euros (this is equivalent to less than 775 euros per million profit tax), It will make us stunned and speechless.
During the Tallin Digital Summit, European leaders did not agree on a uniform GAFA tax rate. Some European countries (such as Luxembourg, Ireland...) do not support the French initiative led by French Economy Minister Bruno Le Maire, which levies taxes on a country-by-country basis based on the company's annual income. Still, this is still not just a political disagreement, it is also a technical issue.
In fact, even though this concept is very attractive in theory, there is a great deal of uncertainty in its actual implementation. Because in practice, this means creating a common tax base across the European level, and that's a challenge. First, a few months of discussion (in the best case) is needed to reach a political consensus. European countries will hesitate to lose their financial sovereignty. The second is the inherent difficulty of applying this solution: consider the issues associated with unifying data streams or synchronizing fiscal calendars. Next, consider the security requirements. So how can you think that such a solution that reveals GAFA's annual income in different countries, including all accompanying financial information, will not attract the attention of hackers or even lead to the disclosure of financial information?
All in all, to make this idea more specific requires strong willpower and originality. Even at a very fast pace, it will take many years to operate. To be clear, it may take more time for GAFA, the proponent of fiscal structure optimization, to adapt to their strategy.
Choosing this road is equivalent to entering a dead end. The worst thing about GAFA is that we end up with a European tax “Maginotâ€: investing a lot of energy into building such a facility, and when it is finally ready, it’s found to be value.
So what if you find that you can now use a faster, less costly solution, and that the solution is as reliable and completely decentralized? In addition, this solution can meet all expectations without any European countries revealing or sharing their financial data? Moreover, this solution does not require any challenge to sovereignty on the one hand?
This is what a particular form of blockchain called the “zero knowledge blockchain†can play. The zero-knowledge blockchain combines the biggest advantage of the blockchain—decentralized information sharing—with zero-knowledge proof attributes to protect confidential data.
Specifically, this technology will allow for the global tax rate of these international companies to be aggregated across the European level without revealing financial information, while maintaining the confidentiality of each country. No tax results are required: GAFA's global taxability can now be assessed at the European level and action is taken accordingly. By introducing comprehensive financial indicators at the European level, technology can appropriately promote democratic debates on taxation.
Technical fantasy? of course not! Distributed management of certificates and reputations, operational risk management of partners, and in-depth understanding of supply chain efficiency: This type of solution has been built in an ecosystem that is willing to share information in real time without leaking any data, mainly in Europe and America. Banks and leading industrial companies are currently testing the technology and making it viable.
Through financial and technical flexibility, GAFA can treat its people with its own way.
This article only represents the author's personal opinion, does not represent the position of the blockchain pencil, does not constitute investment advice, the content is for reference only.
Piezoelectric Elements For Inkjet Piezo Transducer
Piezoelectric ceramic ring
Applications: ultrasonic vibration tranducer for inkjet printer
Vibration mechanism of inkjet printer:
Generally, it is composed of piezoelectric ceramics and driving rods. By high-frequency electric excitation, piezo ceramics produce high-frequency ultrasonic vibration (above 60 kHz or higher), which is transmitted to the driving rod and generates high-frequency micro-displacement (back and forth expansion) at its front end.
Piezo ceramics components features :
1. High vibration amplitude and can withstand higher power.
2. The product has high reliability, strong maintainability, and is not easy to break down or off-line.
3. The frequency can be adjusted in a wide range, generally within the range of 10KHz.
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The present piezoelectric elements for Inkjet piezo transducer is following :
Piezo rings OD4*ID2*2.5mm price USD1.20/pc, 2000pcs
Material: PBaS-4
Fr.: 694 KHz ±5KHz
K33: ≥0.55
Tg loss <0.5%
Ct 60pF ±12.5%
Piezo rings OD4*ID2*2.5mm price USD1.20/pc, 2000pcs
Material: PSnN-5
Fr.: 626KHz ±5KHz
K33: ≥0.57
Tg loss < 2%
Ct 53pF ±12.5%
Piezo rings OD6*ID2.5*2mm price USD1.50/pc, 2000pcs
Material: PZT-41
Fr.: 785 KHz ±5KHz
K33: >0.53
Tg loss < 0.5%
Ct 107 pF ±12.5%
Piezo rod OD3*7mm price USD1.20/pc, 2000pcs
Material: PLiS-51
Fr.: 192 KHz ± 3KHz
K33: >0.62
Tg loss < 2%
Ct 18.7 pF ±12.5%
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