In the past few years, nanotechnology has brought enormous wealth to human society and enriched people's lives. Nano antibacterial materials are a new type of health antibacterial materials developed in recent years, which are the focus of nanotechnology and antibacterial technology research. With the improvement of people's health awareness, nano antibacterial products continue to enter people's daily lives. For example, nano-antibacterial washing machines, antibacterial refrigerators, antibacterial thermal underwear, antibacterial footwear and other popular markets appearing on the market have greatly enriched people's material life and improved people's quality of life.
Nano antibacterial materials not only have the basic properties of nanomaterials, such as surface effects, small size effects, quantum size effects and macroscopic tunneling effects, but also have the functions of antibacterial materials, such as safety, high efficiency, broad spectrum, good release, and low resistance. Pharmacy and heat resistance, etc.
Nano (nm) is the same as meter and centimeter and is the unit of length measurement. One nanometer is one millionth of a millimeter (10-9 meters). "Nano" is not as magical as some media propaganda. It has long been used in ancient China, such as Huiyin. The carbon black of its main component is nanoparticle.
Nanomaterials usually refer to two materials: one is a basic material of nanometer size (particles with a particle size of 1 to 100 nm or fibers with a diameter of 1 to 100 nm), such as nano carbon black, nano magnetic powder, nano carbon tube, etc. Products of the basic material processed in the order of magnitude (1 to 100 nm) maintain a certain degree of nanodispersion in their microscopic dimensions, such as nanoceramics, active calcium, and the like. Based on this, people habitually use materials modified with nano-based materials—nano-modified materials (usually giving special properties of modified materials due to the addition of nanoparticles), also referred to as nano-materials, to further evolve nano-materials. Referred to as nano-products, such as nano-washing machines, nano-antibacterial and deodorant sports shoes, and so on.
As the particle size of the material decreases, the specific surface area increases greatly. The particles having a particle diameter of 5 nm had a surface volume percentage of 50%, and when the particle diameter was 2 nm, the volume percentage of the surface was increased to 80%. The large specific surface, the bond state is seriously mismatched, and many active centers appear, which makes the nano material have strong adsorption capacity. This makes the nanoparticles have strong anti-capture ability for oxygen atoms, oxygen radicals, or other aroma molecules that cause other substances to rot, so that they have antiseptic and antibacterial functions.
Adding nanoparticles to chemical fiber products and textiles also has the function of deodorizing and sterilizing, adding silver nanoparticles to the socks to remove the odor of the feet; the nano-Ag particles in the medical gauze have disinfection and sterilization effect.
Metal ion dissolution antibacterial principleThe metal ion antibacterial agent is mainly composed of Ag + , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ . It exhibits strong oxidizing power, destroys the metabolism of bacterial cells, and prevents the proliferation of microorganisms.
In addition, the thiol group of the protease in the bacteria can be strongly attracted and rapidly combined to deactivate the bacterial gene enzyme, causing the bacteria to die.
When the cells are killed, Ag + is released and acts with other bacteria to perform a new round of killing until the bacteria are completely killed.
Photocatalytic sterilization mechanism (reactive oxygen antibacterial mechanism)
Inorganic oxides such as nano-TIO 2 and ZnO 2, etc., the sterilization mechanism is mainly based on the photocatalytic mechanism. When the bactericide is irradiated, an electron-hole pair is generated, which combines with water and oxygen in the air to form a hydroxyl radical OH- and a superoxide anion radical/O 2- . Both of these free radicals have strong oxidative activity, which can interact with organic matter and secreted toxins in bacteria, destroy their ability to reproduce and regenerate, reduce the vitality of bacteria, and at the same time overcome bacteria and outer cells and penetrate cell membranes. , destroying the cell membrane structure of bacteria, thus completely killing bacteria. In addition, O 2- can further act with water to form hydroxyl groups and hydrogen peroxide. H 2 O 2 can pass through the bacterial cell membrane, not only kills bacteria, but also decomposes lipids such as endotoxin released after the bacteria die. The damage is greatly increased.
Contact sterilization mechanism
When positively charged antibacterial components are exposed to negatively charged microbial cells, they adsorb to each other, effectively utilizing the transfer of charge to break down the bacterial cell membrane, denature the protein, metabolize and multiply, and even die. At the same time, the antibacterial component is not consumed, maintains the original antibacterial activity, and has long-term effectiveness.
The core of antibacterial materials is antibacterial agents. According to chemical composition, antibacterial materials can be divided into three major categories: natural, inorganic and organic.
Natural nano antibacterial material
Natural nano antibacterial materials are mainly zeolite minerals, which are mainly composed of a hydrous silicate of a framework structure, which has nanoporosity and pore structure, and has strong adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity for molecular size particles. Natural antibacterial materials are popular among people because of their wide antibacterial range, high safety and no side effects. However, recent studies have shown that such antibacterial agents have poor antibacterial ability, durability, poor heat resistance and short life, and are limited by the processing conditions of raw materials, and cannot be mass-produced and marketed, so that their use is limited.
Inorganic antibacterial agent
There are two main types of inorganic antibacterial agents, one is ionic antibacterial agents, mainly metal ions such as Ag +, Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ . Currently widely used are Ag + and Zn 2+, but silver antibacterial agents are more widely used. The other type of photocatalytic antibacterial agent, also known as nanophotobacterial material, is also commonly used in outdoor building materials and bactericidal materials for protective glass.
Organic antibacterial material
The organic antibacterial material has the advantages of fast sterilization speed, wide application range, and the like, but the heat resistance is poor, the dissolution is poisonous, and the service life is short, and the use thereof is greatly limited. In recent years, inorganic/organic composite antibacterial agents with high practical value have been developed.
10 Layer PCB Stack Up thickness, Design and manufacturing
Usually, 10 layer PCB is HDI PCB board, but some are not.
10 Layer PCB Stack Up And Design
Regardless of the number of layers constituting the circuit board design, pad spacing, clearance, trace widths, copper weights and drill hole sizes must be tailored to your contract manufacturer (CM). If your design requires multiple layers, you need to consider additional DFM specifications for signals through vias, power and ground wiring, and PCB stackup.
For 10-layer PCB manufacturing, it is necessary to determine the number of layers, their arrangement or stacking, and the type of material. These choices require coordination between thickness constraints; material parameters; such as dielectric constant, thermal expansion coefficient and electrical strength; signal type isolation and drilling options. For PCB assembly, wiring options and their impact on welding process are very important. The function of CM limits the choice of vertical aspect of design.
When your PCB needs six layers of routing, you should choose to use ten layers of PCB. Because ten-layer circuit boards usually have six signal layers and four planes. Of course, we do not recommend the design of more than six signal layers on the 10-layer circuit board. Ten layers are also the largest number of layers, which can be easily manufactured on 0.062 inch thick sheets. Occasionally you will see a 12-layer PCB made of 0.062 inch thick board, but there are not many manufacturers who can make 12-layer circuit boards. Just right, besides making 10-layer circuit boards, we also have very rich experience in manufacturing 12-layer circuit boards.
High layer count boards (10 +) require thin dielectrics (usually 0.006 or smaller on 0.062 thick plates), so they are automatically tightly coupled. After stacking and wiring properly, they can meet all our goals and have excellent EMC performance and signal integrity.
The reason why this stack has such good performance is the tight coupling between signal and return plane, the existence of high-speed shielding signal layer, multiple grounding layers, and tightly coupled power supply/grounding layer pairs in the center of circuit board.
This 10-layer PCB stacking up method abandons closely spaced power/ground pairs. In return, it provides three signal routing layer pairs, shielded by the ground layer on the outer layer of the board, and isolated from each other through the internal power supply and the ground layer.
This 10-layer PCB stackup allows the routing of orthogonal signals near the same plane, but in the process, the closely spaced power/ground plane must also be abandoned.
In addition, we list some other stacking methods of 10-layer circuit boards for your reference.
10 Layer PCB Thickness
0.062''10 layer PCB stackup thickness
0.093'' 10 Layer PCB Stack UP thickness
10 Layer Stackup - 1.6mm thickness
layer order
layer name
material type
material description
dielectric constant
thickness
copper weight
1
top
copper
signal
0.035mm
1 oz
7630
prepreg
4.7
0.2mm
2
inner 1
copper
plane
1 oz
core
4.6
0.2mm
3
inner 2
copper
plane
1 oz
2116
prepreg
4.5
0.12mm
4
inner 3
copper
plane
1 oz
core
4.6
0.2mm
5
inner 4
copper
plane
1 oz
2116
prepreg
4.5
0.12mm
6
inner 5
copper
plane
1 oz
core
4.6
0.2mm
7
inner 6
copper
plane
1 oz
2116
prepreg
4.5
0.12mm
8
inner 7
copper
plane
1 oz
2116
prepreg
4.6
0.2mm
9
inner 8
copper
plane
1 oz
7630
prepreg
4.7
0.2mm
10
bottom
copper
signal
0.035mm
1 oz
Final board thickness: 1.6mm±0.16mm
10 Layer PCB Application
With the rapid development of today's increasingly complex multi-layer PCB, machines and equipment in various industries - commerce, industry, medicine, government, Aerospace - continue to grow in terms of speed, capacity, compactness and ease of use.
8, 10 and 12 layers of multi-layer PCB are useful in many high-tech equipment and computer systems. In recent decades, the development of multi-layer printed circuit boards has led to the rapid development of computer technology - from the previous Gigabit system to today's GHz machine.
Especially 10-layer PCB, which is widely used in the following industries: Preamplifier, Satellite Dish, GPS Tracking Devices, SAN Storage, AC Drives, GSM Signal Booster, Mobile Broadband Router, Inverter 220V, Memory Module, Automotive dashboards
Cheap 10 Layer PCB manufacturing services
For customized printed circuit boards, our 10-layer PCB offers the fastest turning time for the best price we can offer. For on-demand pricing and ordering of your next printed circuit board project, you can contact our online customer support or send us an email to get 10-layer PCB quotation immediately.
Printed Wire Board,Custom PCB Board,10 Layer PCB,10 Layer PCB Stackup
JingHongYi PCB (HK) Co., Limited , https://www.pcbjhy.com