ECG monitor is a practical and precise medical instrument in hospital. It can monitor the patient's dynamic electrocardiogram (usually five-lead ECG), breathing, body temperature, blood pressure (non-invasive and invasive), blood oxygen saturation, pulse rate, etc. Physiological parameters. It can store 400 sets of non-invasive blood pressure data and heart rate, body temperature, respiration rate, and oxygen saturation when measuring blood pressure, and can be viewed in a list. A monitor is a device or system that measures and controls a patient's physiological parameters and can be compared to known setpoints to alert if there is an excess. The monitor is different from the monitoring diagnostic instrument. It must continuously monitor the patient's physiological parameters for 24 hours, detect the trend of change, point out the critical situation, provide emergency treatment for the doctor and the basis for treatment, so as to minimize complications and relieve the disease. purpose. In addition to measuring and monitoring physiological parameters, the monitor also includes monitoring and handling medications and conditions before and after surgery.
The FusiON series FPGA is the world's first ADC-based analog-digital hybrid FPGA. It adds the analog circuit part to the digital FPGA, which solves many problems caused by the separation of traditional analog circuits and FPGAs. The difficulty in making PCB boards reduces the size of the product. The programmability of the FPGA makes the system easy to upgrade. At the same time, the introduction of analog circuits in the digital system simplifies the system circuit design.
1 Introduction to Fusion FPGAFusion is AMD's operating philosophy, which combines innovation and collaboration. Fusion is not just a fusion of microprocessors and graphics technology, it's a process that helps AMD and its partners develop next-generation solutions that transform people's work by combining technology integration, customer affinity and industry impact. , life and entertainment. Fusion also combines customer needs and expectations with AMD's own engineering passion and unique strength.
The main features of Fusion FPGA are mainly reflected in:
(1) Single chip: no need to configure the chip;
(2) High security: The transistor is protected by 7 layers of metal, with AES and Flash Lock encryption technology;
(3) High reliability: It has immunity to high-energy particle bombardment and has strong firmware error immune function;
(4) Power on: the power-on time is very short, generally only a few tens of microseconds;
(5) Low power consumption: Whether it is dynamic power or static power is lower than the competition, IGLOO can be as low as 5?
(6) Low system cost: no need to configure the chip, small power supply chip, no need for encryption chip, PCB area is smaller.
The internal framework of the Fusion series FPGA is shown in Figure 1.
The specific on-chip system block diagram is shown in Figure 2. After the ECG signal collected by the ECG signal acquisition sensor is connected to the 12-bit ADC, the ADC converts the ECG analog signal into a digital signal and is latched by the BUF, and then sent to the Core8051 for acquisition and processing. The algorithm in Core8051 converts the data from the ADC into data that can be displayed by VGA, and then sends it to the VGA driver module.
ADC, acronym for Analog-to-Digital Converter, which refers to an analog-to-digital converter or an analog/digital converter. Real-world analog signals, such as temperature, pressure, sound, or images, need to be converted into digital forms that are easier to store, process, and emit. The analog-to-digital converter can do this and can be found in a variety of different products.
The Fusion FPGA includes an AD converter with flexible sampling and conversion time for flexible AD conversion solutions. As a successive approximation ADC, this converter has a sampling rate of up to 600 Ks/s, a 2.56 V reference source inside the device, and ±6 LSB of error in 12-bit mode with auto-calibration.
The ADC is configured by the internal logic unit of the FPGA: the ADC precision is set to 12 bits, the reference voltage is supplied with an on-chip voltage source with an amplitude of 2.56 V, and the ADC inside the FPGA has a Prescaler, so The flexibility to set the range of the sampling voltage further ensures the accuracy of the AD conversion. The ADC initialization process is as follows:
(1) Wait for the ADCRESET pin release to be invalid;
(2) After the ADCRESET pin is released, the ADC is powered on and self-calibrated;
(3) After power-on calibration (CALIBRATE=1), configure ACM;
(4) After the configuration is completed, the ADC is operated by ADC_START.
The FPGA internal logic unit performs ADC configuration and initialization to control ADC sampling. The specific process is shown in Figure 3.
The FPGA can embed the high-speed Core8051 processor core. It is the core of the whole system. It is responsible for orderly calling the other functional modules. At the same time, it also has data processing tasks. It is responsible for converting the data from the ADC into data that can be displayed by VGA. . The hardware configuration of the Core8051 is very flexible, the clock speed can reach 33 MHz, and the ROM size can be flexibly set according to the needs. The design configuration is 64 KB. The on-chip DATA RAM only needs 256 B to complete the function of driving VGA, and can also be extended. External 64 KB RAM for more powerful software functions. The on-chip DATA RAM of the microcontroller is set to 256 B, and the external 64 KB SRAM is extended by the system bus. The system block diagram is shown in Figure 4.
Prism, a transparent object surrounded by two intersecting planes that are not parallel to each other, used for splitting or dispersing light beams. Prism is a polyhedron made of transparent materials (such as glass, crystal, etc.). It is widely used in optical instruments. Prisms can be divided into several types according to their properties and applications. For example, in spectral instruments, the "dispersion prism" that decomposes the composite light into spectrum is more commonly used as equilateral prism; In periscope, binocular telescope and other instruments, changing the direction of light to adjust its imaging position is called "total reflection prism", which generally adopts right angle prism.
Optical Prisms,Right Angle Prism,Penta Prism,Paul Prism
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